MOTHER NATURE NETWORK– It looks like any other sea slug, aside from its bright green hue. But the Elysia chlorotica is far from ordinary: it is both a plant and an animal, according to biologists who have been studying the species for two decades.

GUARDIAN– The oldest evidence of a fungus that turns ants into zombies and makes them stagger to their death has been uncovered by scientists.

The gruesome hallmark of the fungus’s handiwork was found on the leaves of plants that grew in Messel, near Darmstadt in Germany, 48m years ago.

The finding shows that parasitic fungi evolved the ability to control the creatures they infect in the distant past, even before the rise of the Himalayas.

The fungus, which is alive and well in forests today, latches on to carpenter ants as they cross the forest floor before returning to their nests high in the canopy.

The fungus grows inside the ants and releases chemicals that affect their behaviour. Some ants leave the colony and wander off to find fresh leaves on their own, while others fall from their tree-top havens on to leaves nearer the ground.

The final stage of the parasitic death sentence is the most macabre. In their last hours, infected ants move towards the underside of the leaf they are on and lock their mandibles in a “death grip” around the central vein, immobilising themselves and locking the fungus in position.

“This can happen en masse. You can find whole graveyards with 20 or 30 ants in a square metre. Each time, they are on leaves that are a particular height off the ground and they have bitten into the main vein before dying,” said David Hughes at Harvard University.

Continue reading about ‘Zombie Ants’ Controlled by Parasitic Fungus for 48 Million Years.

© Guardian, 2010

Photo by David P Hughes

TELEGRAPH– Unlike current brain-controlled computers, which require users to imagine making physical movements to control a cursor on a screen, the new technology will be capable of directly interpreting words as they are thought.

ABC NEWS– Walking through the Malheur National Forest in eastern Oregon you would be hard pressed to notice it. But a fungus spreading through the roots of trees now covers 2,200 acres, making it the largest living organism ever found.

Popularly known as the honey mushroom, the Armillaria ostoyae started from a single spore too small to see without a microscope and has been weaving its black shoestring filaments through the forest for an estimated 2,400 years, killing trees as it grows.

“When you’re on the ground, you don’t notice the pattern, you just see dead trees in clusters,” Tina Dreisbach, a botanist and mycologist with the U.S. Forest Service’s Pacific Northwest Research Station in Corvallis, Ore., said Friday.

The outline of the giant fungus, strikingly similar to a mushroom, stretches 3.5 miles across, and extends an average of three feet into the ground. It covers an area as big as 1,665 football fields. No one has estimated its weight.

“There hasn’t been anything measured with any scientific technique that has shown any plant or animal to be larger than this,” said Gregory Filip, associate professor of integrated forest protection at Oregon State University and an expert in Armillaria.

Dead Trees Reveal Fungus

Until now, the largest known organism was another Armillaria ostoyae found in 1992 in Washington State. It covered 1,500 acres near Mount Adams.

“We just decided to go out looking for one bigger than the last claim,” Filip said.

Continue reading about Giant Mushroom Largest Living Organism Ever Found.

© ABC, 2010

Photo by flickr user gabster10

GUARDIAN– UFO enthusiasts called it the “Welsh Roswell” and insisted that one evening in 1974 an alien craft crashed in north Wales and the government secretly removed dead extraterrestrial bodies, the latest files from the National Archives reveal today.

The documents describe how residents of Llandrillo in Merionethshire, near the Berwyn mountains, first reported strange lights streaking across the sky. Then as the night wore on the villagers heard a colossal explosion and felt a tremor ripple through their homes.

Later ufologists claimed roads were sealed off and people kept away from the site after the incident on 23 January 1974. Alien bodies were then taken to Porton Down biological warfare centre for analysis, it was claimed, prompting the comparisons with Roswell, the 1947 incident in which, conspiracy theorists claimed, the US military recovered an alien spacecraft in New Mexico – the story that gave birth to 60 years of ufology, movies and all.

The latest batch of UFO files show how experts at the Ministry of Defence (MoD) initially struggled to explain the Llandrillo incident. A search and rescue team from RAF Valley, on Anglesey, was scrambled in response to the reports of an explosion and a large fire on the mountainside. Some witnesses described seeing a “bright red light, like a coal-fire red. Large perfect circle. Like a big bonfire. Could see lights above and to the right and white lights moving to bottom.”

Continue reading about UFO Files From National Archive Revisit ‘Welsh Roswell’.

© Guardian, 2010

Photo by flickr user Jonas B